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Bundesautobahn 1, Germany
Map of Bundesautobahn 1, Germany. 
Bundesautobahn 1 (translates from German as Federal Motorway 1, short form Autobahn 1, abbreviated as BAB 1 or A 1) is an autobahn in Germany. It runs from Heiligenhafen in Schleswig-Holstein to Saarbrücken, a distance of 749 km (465 mi), but is incomplete between Cologne and Trier. B 207 continues north from Heiligenhafen to Puttgarden, at the end of the island of Fehmarn, with a ferry to Rødby, Denmark.
The part north of Hamburg is part of the Vogelfluglinie (Migratory Birds Line) and may be one day connected via a fixed link to Denmark. The term Hansalinie (Hansa line) refers to the part from Lübeck (north of Hamburg, thus overlapping the Vogelfluglinie) south to the Ruhr Area (near Dortmund).
Overview
In Schleswig-Holstein, the initial section of the A1 (which belongs to the so-called Vogelfluglinie) begins at the junction Heiligenhafen East as a four-lane extension of the B 207 coming from the ferry port Puttgarden on the island of Fehmarn. On the peninsula Wagrien the A 1 briefly runs west, then south, past the East Holstein cities of Oldenburg in Holstein and Neustadt in Holstein.
In the area of the Bay of Lübeck, for a length of about 10 km the Baltic Sea coast is touched, which is approached up to about one kilometer at Haffkrug. Before further south the Hanseatic city of Lübeck is reached, at the triangle Bad Schwartau the A1 joins the A 226 coming from Travemünde and becomes a six-lane highway. After crossing the Lübeck city area, there is a connection to the Baltic Sea motorway A 20 in the direction of Rostock on the Lübeck interchange Lübecker Kreuz.
From here the highway leads in a southwesterly direction through the district of Stormarn, past the small towns of Reinfeld and Bad Oldesloe to the motorway junction Bargteheide, the current terminus of the A 21 from Kiel. Two eastern suburbs of Hamburg, Bargteheide and Ahrensburg, are also connected. Shortly before reaching the Hamburg city area the A 1 crosses the A 24 (Hamburg-Horn-Berlin) in an elongated crossing construction, the cross Hamburg East (Kreuz Hamburg-Ost).
At Hamburg, which is passed on its eastern side, the A 1 passes through the suburb of Billstedt and under the Hamburg-Billwerder rail yard in a tunnel that is around 240 meters long. Following this, the A 25 to Geesthacht branches off at the triangle Hamburg South-East. After crossing the Norderelbe on a cable-stayed bridge, the main carriageway of the A 1 at the Hamburg-Süd intersection joins the main carriageway coming from Veddel, which as A 255 connects it to the Hamburg city center via Elbbrücken bridges.
At the same time, the only 1.5 km long A 252 branches off into the Hamburg harbor area. After the crossing, the main carriageway of the A 1 continues back south, crosses the Süderelbe at Hamburg-Harburg and, already in Lower Saxony, crosses the A 39 to Lüneburg at Maschener Kreuz.
At the following Horster Dreieck the main carriageway of the A 1 changes again, the continuous relation forms the A 7 to Hannover, while the A 1 continues with four lanes to the west. Only from the Buchholz Triangle, which ties the A 261 as a connection to the A 7 in the direction of Flensburg, there are again six lanes.
Before Bremen, once it crosses through the largely flat and sparsely populated land and is consistently six lanes. At the Bremer Kreuz, which lies however on Lower Saxon territory, the A 27 (Cuxhaven Walsrode) is crossed. The A 1 now connects the southern parts of Bremen. Only a few kilometers of the route are actually in the area of the Free Hanseatic City of Bremen, where the Weser is crossed. Behind Bremen, at the Dreieck Stuhr junction near Delmenhorst, the A28 branches off towards Oldenburg. It also serves as a fast route to the northern Netherlands.
Until the triangle Ahlhorner Heide, where the A 29 from the direction of Wilhelmshaven joins, the A 1 four-lane and the nature park Wildeshauser Geest is passed through. Then it goes - partly six-, partly four-lane - back south towards Osnabrück. At Neuenkirchen-Vörden the first foothills of the low mountain ranges are passed through with the Dammer mountains.
At Bramsche then follows the crossing of the Wiehengebirge and Osnabrück is bypassed to the northwest. After crossing the Osnabrück branch canal, the state border with North Rhine-Westphalia is crossed three times before the A 30 (Netherlands-Bad Oeynhausen) is crossed at the Lotte / Osnabrück cross.
The southern part, where it crosses through the Teutoburg Forest in the Tecklenburg country requires unusually steep gradients and gradients. From Lengerich, the landscape becomes flatter again and a few miles later it merges into Münsterland. Münster / Osnabrück Airport is located directly on the A 1 and has its own connection point since 2010. After the six-lane bypass of Münster, the A 43 branches off at the Münster-Süd intersection into the northern Ruhr area.
Further south, the A 2 (Oberhausen-Hannover-Berlin) crosses at Hamm on Kamener Kreuz; The A 1 will now six lanes to Cologne and crosses a few kilometers further at Unna the A 44 (Dortmund-Kassel). After connecting Dortmund's suburb of Schwerte, the A 45 will cross to Frankfurt am Main on the Westhofener Kreuz and the A 1 will pass Hagen. Shortly before Wuppertal, the A 43 and the A 46 are connected to Düsseldorf on the Wuppertal-Nord cross.
In now southwestern direction it goes through the hilly Bergische Land past the cities of Wuppertal and Remscheid, where the carriageways in the Blombachtal partly run separately, before starting from the cross Leverkusen with the cross with the A 3 (Emmerich-Frankfurt am Main-Passau) A 1 forms the northern and western part of the motorway ring around Cologne.
After crossing Leverkusen-West (A 59 to Düsseldorf), the motorway crosses the Rhine on a large cable-stayed bridge, passes the Ford plant in Cologne-Niehl and crosses the A 57 (Goch-Krefeld-Cologne) at the junction Köln-Nord. After the change of direction to the south of the Cologne district Lövenich is traversed in a 1.5 km long noise protection housing and leave at the cross Cologne West with the A 4 (Aachen-Cologne-Olpe) the Cologne Ring again.
Again four-lane now begins the section called Eifelautobahn. First, the Ville, a densely wooded ridge southwest of Cologne, is crossed, before joining the A 61 from the direction Venlo at the triangle Erfttal. Until the cross Bliesheim in Brühl the A 1 runs with the A 61 on a common, six-lane developed track.
After leaving this one crosses the level of Jülich-Zülpicher Börde, bypasses Euskirchen and then rises in the Eifel. At the connection point Blankenheim the provisional end of the northern part of the motorway is reached. The gap closure through the Eifel to Kelberg is in the planning phase.
Beyond the state border with Rhineland-Palatinate, the A 1 starts again at the junction Kelberg. A few kilometers further, on the Vulkaneifel triangle near Daun, the A48 starts to Koblenz. At Wittlich the motorway exits the Eifel and connects the A 60 to Belgium. The four-lane federal road 50 developed route towards the Rhine-Main area (Hochmoselübergang with Hochmoselbrücke) is still partially under construction.
At Schweich the Moselle is crossed and the A 602 to Trier, which also represents a connection to the A 64 to Luxembourg branches off. Then the highway climbs up from the Mosel valley and crosses the heights of the Hunsrück. On the other side of the Saarland border, at the Nonnweiler junction, one must leave the main carriageway to continue on the A 1, as the continuous route forms the A 62 towards Pirmasens.
The last section of the A 1 to Saarbrücken is characterized by numerous curves, with which the Saar-Nahe-Bergland is crossed. At Illingen, the A 8 (Luxembourg-Pirmasens) crosses the Saarbrücken cross, the A 1 crosses the Saarkohlenwald and ends at the junction Saarbrücken-Burbach (150) in the development area of the Saarbrücken district Malstatt. The adjoining B 268 continues to the city center of the Saarland state capital.
The road has either two or three lanes each way. Congestion is possible around Hamburg, during holiday periods between Hamburg and Münster, between Dortmund and Cologne because of roadworks and especially around Cologne. During the rush hour the Cologne Beltway (junctions 98–104) is very busy (AADT 100,000-120,000). It is three lanes each way. The speed limit on the Cologne Beltway is mostly 100 km/h. Northbound between junctions 103 and 102 as well as between 101 and 100 the speed limit has recently been raised to 120 km/h.
South of the Cologne Beltway the A1 has two lanes each way between junctions 104 and 107. There is a speed limit of 120 km/h northbound between junctions 105 and 104, otherwise this section has no speed limit. Between junction 107 and 109 the A1 and A61 run concurrently. The motorway has three lanes each way and a variable speed limit here.
Overall most of the A1 has no speed limit.
Bundesautobahn 1 it is part of E 22, E 29, E 37, E 44, E 47, E 233 and E 422
Length: 749 km (465 mi)
Junctions
North end: Heiligenhafen
South end: Saarbrücken
States:
Schleswig-Holstein
Hamburg
Lower Saxony
Bremen
North Rhine-Westphalia
Rhineland-Palatinate
Saarland
Source
• www.wikipedia.org
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